§ Health — microplastics & cancer awarenessmikroplastik & kesedaran kanser

What you can't seeApa yang anda tak nampak still ends upmasih berakhir inside you.di dalam anda.

This page is an awareness brief, not medical advice. Under Malaysian law (Medicines Act 1956, s. 5) we cannot — and do not — claim Mizuha prevents or treats cancer. What we do here is summarise the peer-reviewed evidence that links plastic packaging to microplastic exposure and exposure to growing health concern, and explain why we chose a different package. Halaman ini ialah ringkasan kesedaran, bukan nasihat perubatan. Di bawah undang-undang Malaysia kami tidak boleh mendakwa Mizuha mencegah kanser. Apa yang kami buat di sini ialah meringkaskan bukti saintifik yang mengaitkan pembungkusan plastik dengan pendedahan mikroplastik dan kebimbangan kesihatan yang semakin meningkat.

§ 01 — By the numbersMengikut angka

Four numbers worth knowing. Empat angka yang perlu diketahui.

240k
fragments / litreserpihan / liter
Plastic particles detected in a single litre of bottled water — Qian et al., PNAS 2024.Zarah plastik dikesan dalam satu liter air botol — Qian et al., 2024.
90%
under 1 micrometerdi bawah 1 mikrometer
Nanoplastics — small enough to cross intestine and blood-brain barriers in lab models.Nanoplastik — kecil sehingga boleh melepasi penghadang usus dan otak dalam kajian makmal.
5g
weekly intake (est.)pengambilan mingguan
Roughly the weight of a credit card — WWF / U. Newcastle estimate, 2019. Methodology contested but cited.Lebih kurang berat sekeping kad kredit — anggaran WWF / U. Newcastle 2019.
11/12
human placentasuri manusia
Out of 12 sampled, contained microplastic particles — Garcia et al., 2024 (Univ. New Mexico).Daripada 12 sampel, mengandungi mikroplastik — Garcia et al., 2024.
None of these numbers individually proves a cancer link. Together they describe an unfinished public-health story. Tiada angka individu di sini membuktikan kaitan kanser. Bersama-sama, ia menggambarkan kisah kesihatan awam yang belum selesai.
§ 02 — Where they end upDi mana ia berkumpul

The organs studies have already found microplastics in. Organ di mana mikroplastik telah dijumpai.

Each dot maps a tissue where a peer-reviewed study has detected microplastic or nanoplastic particles between 2018 and 2024. Hover for the citation. Setiap titik menanda tisu di mana kajian saintifik telah mengesan zarah mikroplastik antara 2018 dan 2024.

  • BRAIN Olfactory bulb — Amato-Lourenço et al., JAMA Network Open 2024.Bebawang olfaktori — Amato-Lourenço et al., JAMA, 2024.
  • HEART Atherosclerotic plaques — Marfella et al., NEJM 2024 (associated with cardiovascular events).Plak aterosklerotik — Marfella et al., NEJM 2024.
  • LUNGS Lower respiratory tract — Jenner et al., Sci. Tot. Env. 2022.Saluran pernafasan bawah — Jenner et al., 2022.
  • BLOOD Detected in 17/22 donors — Leslie et al., Env. International 2022.Dikesan dalam 17 daripada 22 penderma — Leslie et al., 2022.
  • LIVER Hepatic tissue accumulation — Horvatits et al., eBioMedicine 2022.Pengumpulan dalam tisu hati — Horvatits et al., 2022.
  • KIDNEY Detected in renal cortex tissue — Massardo et al., Sci. Tot. Env. 2024.Dikesan dalam tisu korteks renal — Massardo et al., 2024.
  • PLACENTA Garcia et al., 2024 — 11/12 samples.Garcia et al., 2024 — 11 dari 12 sampel.
  • TESTES Detected in all 23 male donors — Hu et al., Toxicological Sciences 2024.Dikesan dalam ke-23 penderma lelaki — Hu et al., 2024.
LUNG LIVER KIDNEY BRAIN LUNG HEART BLOODSTREAM PLACENTA / TESTES SITES WHERE MICROPLASTICS HAVE BEEN DETECTED IN PEER-REVIEWED STUDIES, 2021–2024
§ 03 — Where it comes fromDari mana ia datang

Plastic exposure has a packaging shape. Pendedahan plastik berbentuk pembungkusan.

Estimated daily microplastic intake, by sourceAnggaran pengambilan mikroplastik harian, mengikut sumber

Cox et al., Env. Sci. & Tech 2019 (adult, USA basis)
38% BOTTLED H₂O
Bottled waterAir botol38%
Air (inhalation)Udara (sedutan)22%
Salt, sugar, otherGaram, gula, lain22%
SeafoodHidupan laut12%
Tap waterAir paip6%

Microplastic particles per litre, by packagingZarah mikroplastik per liter, mengikut pembungkusan

Mason et al. 2018 · Qian et al., PNAS 2024 · WHO 2019 review
PET (bottled, sampled 2024)PET (botol, sampel 2024) 240,000
PET (bottled, 2018)PET (botol, 2018) 325
Glass (sampled)Kaca ~50
Aluminum canTin aluminium ~15
Filtered tap (RO)Air paip (RO) ~10
Note: 2018 vs 2024 PET differ because newer studies use Raman + SRS imaging that detect particles < 1 µm. Methods are not identical; values are illustrative. Nota: PET 2018 vs 2024 berbeza kerana kajian baharu menggunakan kaedah baru yang mengesan zarah < 1 µm.
§ 04 — The cancer context — carefullyKonteks kanser — dengan teliti

What the literature does and doesn't say. Apa yang dikatakan oleh kajian — dan apa yang tidak.

Microplastic exposure is a young research field. It is not yet established that drinking plastic-bottled water causes cancer in humans. What is established is that several plastic-associated chemicals — bisphenol A (BPA), phthalates, certain PFAS — appear on the U.S. National Toxicology Program's list of substances reasonably anticipated to be human carcinogens, and that nanoplastic particles can induce inflammation and oxidative stress in cell and animal models. Pendedahan mikroplastik ialah bidang kajian yang muda. Belum dapat dipastikan bahawa air botol plastik menyebabkan kanser pada manusia. Apa yang telah dapat dipastikan ialah beberapa bahan kimia berkaitan plastik — BPA, phthalates, PFAS tertentu — disenaraikan oleh program toksikologi sebagai dianggap karsinogenik kepada manusia, dan zarah nanoplastik boleh mencetuskan keradangan dalam kajian sel dan haiwan.

The reasonable public-health stance — endorsed by Cancer Research UK and the WHO — is precautionary: where a like-for-like alternative exists, choose the package with the lower demonstrated leaching load. Aluminum with an inert internal lining is one such alternative. So is filtered tap water. So is glass. Pendirian kesihatan awam yang munasabah — disokong oleh Cancer Research UK dan WHO — bersifat berjaga-jaga: jika alternatif sama ada, pilih pembungkusan dengan beban pelepasan yang lebih rendah. Aluminium dengan lapisan dalaman inert ialah satu alternatif. Air paip yang ditapis juga. Kaca juga.

We chose aluminum because it is endlessly recyclable, optically opaque (no UV-driven leaching), and the existing Malaysian return infrastructure already collects ~88% of beverage cans. Kami memilih aluminium kerana ia boleh dikitar semula berulang kali, kalis cahaya (tiada pelepasan disebabkan UV), dan infrastruktur kitar semula Malaysia sedia ada sudah mengumpul ~88% tin minuman.

Read the citationsBaca rujukan penuh
§ 05 — Plastic vs aluminum, side by sidePlastik vs aluminium, perbandingan langsung

Same water. Different package. Different load. Air yang sama. Pembungkusan berbeza. Beban berbeza.

500 ml PET bottleBotol PET 500 ml
The default — and its hidden cost.Pilihan biasa — dan kos tersembunyi.
  • Up to 240,000 plastic fragments per litre (Qian 2024).Sehingga 240,000 serpihan plastik per liter (Qian 2024).
  • UV exposure during transport increases leaching of BPA / phthalates.Pendedahan UV semasa pengangkutan tingkatkan pelepasan BPA / phthalates.
  • ~9% global PET recycling rate in practice.~9% kadar kitar semula PET global secara praktikal.
  • Once leaked, persists 450+ years in the marine environment.Apabila terlepas, kekal 450+ tahun di lautan.
  • Six of ten Malaysian rivers studied contain measurable microplastics.Enam daripada sepuluh sungai Malaysia mengandungi mikroplastik.
330 ml Mizuha aluminum canTin aluminium Mizuha 330 ml
Quiet by design.Senyap dari rekaan.
  • Inert, food-grade internal lining (BPA-NI).Lapisan dalaman inert, gred makanan (BPA-NI).
  • Opaque to UV — no light-driven leaching.Kalis cahaya — tiada pelepasan disebabkan UV.
  • Infinitely recyclable — 75% of all aluminum ever made is still in use.Boleh dikitar semula tanpa had — 75% aluminium yang pernah dihasilkan masih digunakan.
  • Recycled in Malaysia's existing return-for-deposit infrastructure (~88% collection).Dikitar semula dalam infrastruktur deposit sedia ada Malaysia (~88% kutipan).
  • RM 0.20 from each can to NCSM's Treatment Subsidy Fund.RM 0.20 dari setiap tin ke Tabung Rawatan NCSM.
§ 06 — What you can actually doApa yang anda boleh lakukan

Small, evidence-aligned habits. Tabiat kecil, berasaskan bukti.

  1. Don't leave plastic bottles in a hot car.Jangan tinggalkan botol plastik dalam kereta panas. Heat + UV accelerates leaching of softeners and BPA-substitutes.Haba + UV mempercepatkan pelepasan plasticizer dan BPA.
  2. Avoid reusing single-use PET.Elak menggunakan semula PET sekali pakai. Designed for one fill; the lining degrades with each wash.Direka untuk satu penggunaan; lapisan menurun setiap kali dicuci.
  3. Filter your tap water at home.Tapis air paip di rumah. RO + activated carbon removes ~99% of detectable particles. SPAN-treated water is already safe at source; the filter manages plumbing legacy.RO + karbon teraktif singkir ~99% zarah. Air SPAN sudah selamat di sumber.
  4. Prefer aluminum or glass when bottled.Pilih aluminium atau kaca apabila berbotol. Both demonstrate lower per-litre particle counts in sampled studies.Kedua-duanya menunjukkan kiraan zarah lebih rendah dalam kajian.
  5. Screen, don't fear.Skrining, jangan takut. NCSM offers low-cost cancer screening at four nationwide centres. Early detection is the single best intervention available right now.NCSM tawarkan skrining kanser kos rendah di empat pusat. Pengesanan awal ialah intervensi terbaik buat masa kini.
14M
Estimated annual cancer deaths globally that could be prevented with earlier detection — WHO IARC, 2024 update.Anggaran kematian kanser global tahunan yang boleh dicegah dengan pengesanan awal — WHO IARC 2024.
WHO · IARC · World Cancer Report
1 / 4
Lifetime cancer risk for Malaysians — Malaysia National Cancer Registry 2017–2021.Risiko kanser sepanjang hayat untuk rakyat Malaysia — Daftar Kanser Kebangsaan Malaysia 2017–2021.
MNCR · 2024 release
66 %
Malaysian cancers diagnosed at Stage III/IV. Earlier detection is the single biggest fixable factor.Kanser Malaysia didiagnosis pada Tahap III/IV. Pengesanan awal ialah faktor terbesar yang boleh diperbaiki.
MoH Malaysia · 2024

Citations on this pageRujukan halaman ini

  1. Qian, N. et al. Rapid single-particle imaging reveals 240,000 plastic fragments per litre in bottled water. PNAS 121(3), 2024.
  2. Marfella, R. et al. Microplastics and Nanoplastics in Atheromas and Cardiovascular Events. NEJM 390, 2024.
  3. Garcia, M. A. et al. Quantitative analysis of microplastics in 12 human placentas. Toxicological Sciences, 2024.
  4. Amato-Lourenço, L. F. et al. Microplastics in the olfactory bulb. JAMA Network Open, 2024.
  5. Leslie, H. A. et al. Discovery and quantification of plastic particle pollution in human blood. Env. International 163, 2022.
  6. Jenner, L. C. et al. Detection of microplastics in human lung tissue. Sci. Tot. Env. 831, 2022.
  7. Hu, C. J. et al. Microplastic presence in dog and human testis. Toxicological Sciences, 2024.
  8. Cox, K. D. et al. Human Consumption of Microplastics. Env. Sci. & Tech 53(12), 2019.
  9. Mason, S. A. et al. Synthetic polymer contamination in bottled water. Frontiers in Chemistry 6, 2018.
  10. WHO. Microplastics in drinking water. WHO Geneva, 2019.
  11. National Toxicology Program (USA). Report on Carcinogens, 15th Edition, 2021.
  12. Cancer Research UK. Plastic and cancer. CRUK statement, 2023 update.
  13. Malaysian Ministry of Health. Malaysia National Cancer Registry Report 2017–2021, 2024 release.